Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Mandi have developed state-of-art solutions in telecommunications technologies. The recent development of cooperative spectrum sensors enhances the reusability of radiofrequency spectrum to meet the growing demands of data communication in the future wireless communication applications.

IIT Mandi researchers develop technology to overcome spectrum shortages in future wireless communication applications

New Delhi (The Hawk): The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved the transfer of 10 in-orbit communication satellites from Government of India (Gol) to M/s.NewSpace India Ltd. (NSIL), a wholly owned Public Sector Enterprise of GOI under the administrative control of the Department of Space.The Union Cabinet has also approved increasing the authorized share capital of NSIL from Rs.1000 crore to Rs.7500 crore.Transfer of these assets to NSIL will further provide the desired financial autonomy to the company to realize capital intensive programmes/ projects and thereby offering huge employment potential and technology spin-off to other sectors of the economy. This approval is expected to trigger domestic economic activity in space sector and increase India's share in the global space market.The Space Sector reforms mandated NSIL to undertake end-to-end commercial space activities and function as a full-fledged satellite operator. NSIL functioning as a single-window operator will also facilitate the ease of doing business in space sector. NSIL Board will now be empowered to price the transponders as per the market dynamics and global trends in the Satellite Communication sector. NSIL is also authorized to offer and allocate capacity as per its internal policies and guidelines.

The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved the transfer of 10 in-orbit communication satellites from Government of India (Gol) to M/s.NewSpace India Ltd. (NSIL), a wholly owned Public Sector Enterprise of GOI under the administrative control of the Department of Space.

Cabinet approves Transfer of 10 In-orbit Communication Satellites from Government of India to NSIL

The 4th Sat Paul Mittal Memorial Lecture on “Future Trends in Telecommunication” was held in hybrid mode under the Bharti Chair in Telecom & IT Research on June 09, 2022, at 11:30 AM in UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh.

4th Sat Paul Mittal Memorial Lecture on 'Future Trends in Telecommunication'

Singapore: China's coercive, aggressive and dangerous actions threaten stability around Asia, US Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin said at the premier defence forum taking place in Singapore. "Indo-Pacific countries shouldn't face political intimidation, economic coercion, or harassment by maritime militias," Austin said in a keynote speech at the Shangri-La Dialogue. "The PRC's (People's Republic of China) moves to threaten to undermine security, and stability, and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific," Austin said while referring to the country by its official name. Pledging to support&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aninews.in/topic/taiwan" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: transparent;">Taiwan</a>&nbsp;in the face of growing Chinese assertiveness, he said "We remain firmly committed to our longstanding one-China policy--guided by the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aninews.in/topic/taiwan" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: transparent;">Taiwan</a>&nbsp;Relations Act, the three Joint Communiques, and the Six Assurances. We categorically oppose any unilateral changes to the status quo from either side. Now, as part of our one-China policy, we'll continue to fulfill our commitments under the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aninews.in/topic/taiwan" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: transparent;">Taiwan</a>&nbsp;Relations Act. That includes assisting&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aninews.in/topic/taiwan" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: transparent;">Taiwan</a>&nbsp;in maintaining a sufficient self-defence capability. And it means maintaining our own capacity to resist any use of force or other forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security or the social or economic system of the people of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aninews.in/topic/taiwan" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: transparent;">Taiwan</a>," he added.The US defence chief also emphasized that Washington is working closely with China's&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aninews.in/topic/military-leaders" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: transparent;">military leaders</a>&nbsp;to fully open&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aninews.in/topic/lines-of-communications" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: transparent;">lines of communications</a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aninews.in/topic/avoid-miscalculations" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: transparent;">avoid miscalculations</a>&nbsp;between both countries."So we're working closely with both our competitors and our friends to strengthen the guardrails against conflict," Austin said. "That includes fully open lines of communication with China's defence leaders to ensure that we can avoid any miscalculations." He said the US does not seek a new Cold War, an Asian NATO, or a region split into hostile blocks in the Indo-Pacific region. "Let me be clear, we do not seek confrontation or conflict, we do not seek a new Cold War and Asian NATO or a region split into hostile blocks."In the major speech at the defence forum, the US defence chief also laid emphasis on a free and open Indo-Pacific, which he said was at the heart of American national security strategies, and the power of the partnerships that regional nations have built with the United States forms the core of a peaceful and prosperous world for all. American strategists no longer talk about the "US pivot to Asia." That has happened. On the military side, Austin noted that the Indo-Pacific is Washington's "priority theater" with more than 300,000 American service members in the region working with allies and partners to ensure the rules-based international order is maintained. The Indo-Pacific is at the heart of this interconnected world and events halfway around the world resonate throughout the region, Austin said while pointing to the unprovoked invasion of Ukraine by Russia as one of those events. The defence secretary said that Russian President Vladimir Putin's "reckless war of choice has reminded us all of the dangers of undercutting an international order rooted in rules and respect."—ANI

China's coercive, aggressive and dangerous actions threaten stability around Asia, US Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin said at the premier defence forum taking place in Singapore. 

US defence chief slams China's 'destabilising' activity near Taiwan

Paris: India will get a full-fledged 5G services by March 2023, said Union Communications Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw at Viva Technology 2022 event.In an exclusive interview with ANI, Vaishnaw said that the auction of the 5G spectrum will be completed by July end, adding, "Telecom is the primary source of digital consumption and it is very important to bring trusted solution in telecom. India has its own stack of 4G like radio, equipment and handset. 4G is ready to deploy in the field and 5G is ready in the lab, and 5G will be ready to deploy in March 2023.""The technology, core network behind 5G services should be built up by India, that would be an achievement for the country," said Vaishnaw.The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has finally approved the Department of Telecommunications (DoT)'s 5G spectrum auction through which spectrum will be assigned to bidders to provide 5G services to the public as well as enterprises.According to a statement from the Ministry of Communications, it is expected that the Mid and High band spectrum will be utilised by Telecom Service Providers to roll-out 5G technology-based services capable of providing speed and capacities which would be about 10 times higher than what is possible through the current 4G services.The Minister said that the 5G spectrum auction will be completed by July end. "After the auction, we will have consultations with the telecom service providers and will try to come with 5G services as soon as possible, said Vaishnaw. On the 5G spectrum auction response, Minister said that he is hopeful that the 5G auction will get a good response from 5G service providers.Talking about the successful journey of the Unified Payment Interface (UPI), Minister said that a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been signed between NPCI, International and Lyra Network of France for 'Acceptance of UPI &amp; Rupay Card in France.' "The whole world is watching that India is doing 5.5 billion UPI transactions in a month. This is a big achievement for India. Today's MoU with France is a big step towards the world," he added.Vaishnaw said that Europe's biggest start-up Viva Technology 2022 has recognized India as the 'country of the year'."Europe has recognized the vision that our Prime Minister Narendra Modi has started long back. The world wants to learn from India how fast India has developed this start-up ecosystem. Europe recognized India that how India has produced more than 100 Unicorns," said Vaishnaw. Talking about the semiconductor chip manufacturing, the Minister said, "I am confident enough that within a few months we are going to sign the first agreement. I am going to Belgium to meet IMEC officials. Tomorrow we will be able to confirm their support for India. The world needs a trusted partner and India is the only country which can be their trusted partner. Today whole world looks towards India with positivity. If India is successful, then the world will be successful."&nbsp;—ANI

India will get a full-fledged 5G services by March 2023, said Union Communications Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw at Viva Technology 2022 event.

India Will Get 5G Services By March 2023: Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw

Chennai (The Hawk): Army Training Command (ARTRAC) is joining hands with Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) to establish a 5G Testbed at Military College of Telecommunication at Mhow, Indore. The collaboration will facilitate Indian Army to utilise the 5G technology for its operational use, especially along its borders.An MoU towards this collaboration was signed today (20th June 2022) by Lt Gen MU Nair, AVSM, SM, Commandant, Military College of Telecommunication Engineering, on behalf of the Army Training Command Shimla, and Prof V. Kamakoti, Director, IIT Madras, in the presence of Army Officials and faculty of the Institute.Highlighting the importance of this partnership, Prof. Bhaskar Ramamurthi, ZOHO Chair Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras, who is heading the 5G Testbed project, said, “Latest communication technologies like 5G have a great relevance to the armed forces and it is important for their officers to acquaint themselves with such developments.&nbsp;This project to set up a 5G Testbed at MCTE will enable the students and trainees at the College to become thoroughly familiar with the advanced technologies embedded in the 5G system. It is an example of how the 5G Testbed developed with support from DoT to enable Indian companies and start-ups to test their products, can also be successfully leveraged for other productive purposes.”This collaboration will give an impetus to induction of systems, devices and equipment using niche technology and use of AI-based algorithms for enhancing capabilities of Indian Armed Forces. It will also promote collaborative and cooperative research and facilitate exchange of ideas for development of new technology.This partnership between Indian Army and IIT Madras will encourage students, faculties and scientists to undertake research in area of 5G communications and development of military applications. The Joint partnership between MCTE and IIT Madras aims to accelerate Indian Army’s indigenisation efforts for achieving ‘Atmanirbharta’ in the fields of communications, and provide a testing facility for Tri-Services, and thus act as a catalyst for Research and Development. Under the ambit of the MoU, IIT Madras will provide consultancy, duly supported by research for feasibility studies and prototype development on 5G enabled future communications.

 Army Training Command (ARTRAC) is joining hands with Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) to establish a 5G Testbed at Military College of Telecommunication at Mhow, Indore. 

Army Training Command Partners With IIT Madras To Set Up 5G Testbed At Military College Of Telecommunication 

Chennai: European space agency Arianespace on Wednesday will put into orbit two communication satellites belonging to India and Malaysia in geostationary orbit.The two satellites weighing cumulatively 10,863 kg will be flown by Ariane 5 rocket early June 22 from the spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, said Arianespace.GSAT-24 built by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is a 24-Ku band communication satellite weighing 4,180 kg with pan India coverage for meeting the direct-to-home (DTH) application needs.The Indian government owned enterprise NewSpace India Ltd (NSIL) has leased the entire satellite capacity to Tata Play.The NSIL is undertaking GSAT-24 satellite mission as its first demand driven mission post space reforms.The GSAT-24 will be the 25th Indian satellite orbited by Arianespace.On September 28, 2021, NSIL entrusted Arianespace with the launch of its GSAT-24 telecommunications satellite, the European Space Agency had said earlier.According to Arianespace, the other satellite MEASAT-3d is a multi-mission telecommunications satellite built by Airbus Defence and Space for MEASAT, a Malaysian satellite operator. This new satellite will significantly enhance broadband speeds of up to 100 Mbps in areas with limited or no terrestrial network or in rural areas in Malaysia.Planned for more than 18 years of operation, MEASAT-3d is designed to have electrical power of 12 kW.It will carry C- and Ku-band payloads for direct-to-home (DTH) services and a high-throughput Ka-band payload with multiple user spot beams optimised to deliver high speed broadband communications over Malaysia for internet connectivity.Apart from this, the satellite will also host a Q/V band payload, the first of its kind in the Asia-Pacific region, which allows MEASAT to study propagation effects in high rainfall regions like Malaysia, to enable the design of its next generation satellites, Arianespace said. —IANS

European space agency Arianespace on Wednesday will put into orbit two communication satellites belonging to India and Malaysia in geostationary orbit.

Indian Communication Satellite To Be Launched By Arianespace On June 22

 European space agency Arianespace on Wednesday will put into orbit two communication satellites belonging to India and Malaysia in geostationary orbit.

New Delhi:&nbsp;In a five-day-long satellite communication exercise, the Indian Army has tested all of its space-based assets to ensure their operational readiness, sources in the defence establishment said on Friday.The Army has also completed a study on the communication, cyber and electromagnetic effects reported during the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, they added.The exercise named "Skylight" was conducted from July 25 to July 29, the sources said.The Army is utilising the services of a number of satellites belonging to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), they noted.The types of satellite communication terminals tested during the exercise included static terminals, transportable vehicle-mounted terminals, man-portable and small form factor man-pack terminals, the sources informed.The Indian Army is closely studying the war in Ukraine to derive communication technology-related lessons from it, they added.The focus of the Army's study on the war is on "military communications and electronic warfare", the sources said.The Indian Army has learned from this war that a tactical communication system, which is operable in a hostile enemy area, with a suitable backhaul is extremely important, they said.The study has also revealed the efficacy of reliable satellite communication like the one afforded by "Starlink", the sources said.Taking a cue from it, the Army is engaging with the industry and academia to develop "small form factor hand held secure satellite phones", they added.—PTI

In a five-day-long satellite communication exercise, the Indian Army has tested all of its space-based assets to ensure their operational readiness, sources in the defence establishment said on Friday

Indian Army conducts 5-day exercise to test satellites

New Delhi (The Hawk): &nbsp;“Today, Indian telecommunications network, is the second largest in the world, with the most cost-effective rates. This growth has been spurred, by the market friendly policies of the Modi Government.”, said Shri Devusinh Chauhan,&nbsp;Minister of State for Communications while elaborating upon the success story of growth of&nbsp;telecom sector in India. Addressing the inaugural event of International Telecommunication Union’s Regional Standardization Forum (RSF) for Asia and Oceania region, he said that India’s policy in the field of telecommunications formulated under leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi is basing on 3 pillars of-&nbsp;“Ease of Doing Business”, for the industry; “Ease of Living”, for all citizens, including those, who are living in rural and far-flung areas; and “Atma Nirbhar Bharat – that is – Self Reliant India”.﻿As a part of the celebrations during Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Communication is hosting the International Telecommunication Union’s Regional Standardization Forum (RSF) for Asia and Oceania region. The United Nations (UN) agency event with participants from around 20 countries of Asia Oceania region was inaugurated here today by Shri Devusinh Chauhan. Several dignitaries including Mr. K. Rajaraman, Secretary (T), Government of India, Mr. Manish Sinha, Member (Finance), Digital Communications Communication (DCC), Government of India, Mr. V.L. Kantha Rao, Additional Secretary (T), Government of India along with Mr. Bilel Jamoussi, Chief of Study Groups Department, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Ms. Atsuko Okuda​, Regional Director, ITU Regional Office for Asia and Pacific attended the event.The theme of Regional Standardization Forum (RSF) is “Regulatory and Policy aspects of Telecommunications/ICTs”. It will be succeeded by four-day meeting of International Telecommunication Union-T Study Group 3 Regional Group Asia and Oceania (ITU-T SG3RG-AO) from 09th&nbsp;August 2022 to 12th&nbsp;August 2022.<h2 class="ql-align-center"><img src="https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/image/image002BJZS.jpg"></h2>Talking about the&nbsp;positive, and forward-looking environment created by telecom&nbsp;reforms in India, the Minister Shri Devusinh Chauhan said that these reforms&nbsp;have been able to promote healthy competition, protect interests of consumers, infuse liquidity, encourage investment and reduce regulatory burden on TSPs.’ “As a result, recent 5G spectrum auction, in India has fetched bids of 20 billion dollars. This very well, reflects the confidence and sentiments, of the Indian telecom industry.”, he said.To extend the state-of-the-art telecom facilities, to the last person of the society and in sync with the ‘Antyodaya’ philosophy, Shri Devusinh Chauhan said that the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra Modi has laid down a clear roadmap to address the digital divide. It includes taking optical fibers to all 6 lakh villages of the country, and also cover all these villages with 4G mobile communications. He informed the participants that around 1,75,000 villages are already provided with the optical fibre, while around 5,60,000 villages have 4G mobile facilities. A multi-billion-dollar, comprehensive plan has been made, which will ensure optical fibre and mobile communications in all six hundred thousand villages by 2025.Apprising about the 5G rollout in the country, Shri Chauhan said that the Government of India, is promoting, the indigenously designed, developed and manufactured advanced telecom technology. As a result, India today, has a strong home-grown, 5G mobile communications ecosystem. “By the end of this year, we are likely to see indigenously developed, and manufactured 5G stack, getting deployed, in rolling out 5G network in India. Our engineers have developed, a set of 5G standards, which will facilitate the spread of 5G network in rural area.”, he said.Highlighting the role of ITU in sustaining and furthering the rapidly changing Telecom/ICT landscape, Shri Chauhan said that ITU has been playing a unifying role in forging strategic cooperation and understanding, between all stakeholders. India has a long association with ITU, and we share common ideals, regarding the telecommunications landscape.Shri Devusinh Chauhan said that in line with ITU, India is also deeply committed, to connect the unconnected, and protect and support everyone’s right to communicate. India will continue to broaden and deepen its contribution in fulfilling the vision and objectives of the ITU, he added further.

Today, Indian telecommunications network, is the second largest in the world, with the most cost-effective rates

Success of 5G spectrum auction is a confidence vote of Industry in Govt policies 

New Delhi (The Hawk): When the country is celebrating ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’ to 75 years of Independence, India is all set to join the league of global leaders with indigenous and more advanced Quantum Communication technology in order to equip its Armed Forces with high end Defence. Under the aegis of Innovation for Defence Excellence (iDEX) – Defence Innovation Organisation (DIO), the QNu Labs, a Bengaluru-based Deep Tech Start-up, has broken distance barriers by innovating advanced secured communication through Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems. The project was curated by iDEX-DIO with Indian Army. After the successful trials, now the Indian Army has initiated the process of procurement of QKD systems developed by QNu Labs by issuing commercial Request For Proposal (RFP) and its deployment.
&nbsp;Quantum technology has a huge potential for military application and a disruptive impact on modern-day warfare. A QKD system allows creation of a quantum secure secret pair of symmetric keys between two end points, separated by certain distance (in this case, over 150 Kms) in terrestrial optical fiber infrastructure. The QKD helps create a non-hackable quantum channel for creating un-hackable encryption keys which are used to encrypt critical data/voice/video, across the end points.
&nbsp;Buoyed with the success of the start-up, Defence Secretary Dr Ajay Kumar termed the development of indigenously QKD technology as a milestone achievement in ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Kaal’ and a befitting success story of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’. He appreciated the efforts of iDEX start-ups working in deep tech as they are equipping the Armed Forces with innovative solutions for modern and futuristic warfare. The Defence Secretary also applauded the efforts of the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence, iDEX-DIO, Army Design Bureau and the Indian Army Signals Directorate, which have contributed in development of high end Quantum Technology in the country for the first time. He added that iDEX revolutionises the defence innovation and helps foster creation of new tech solutions at a fraction of cost and time.
QNu Labs’ co-founder and CEO Shri Sunil Gupta stated that the vision of putting India on the forefront of deep technologies in the field of data security through the use of Quantum technology has finally borne fruits. He added that winning the Open Challenge-2 of iDEX has provided a launching pad to QNu Labs to achieve this stellar success.

When the country is celebrating ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’ to 75 years of Independence, India is all set to join the league of global leaders with indigenous and more advanced Quantum Communication technology in order to equip its Armed Forces with high end Defence. 

MoD All Set To Take A Leap In Quantum Communication Technology 

New Delhi (The Hawk): The Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications has announced that it received 100 Registrations for M2M Service Provider/ WLAN/ WPAN Connectivity Provider, till today. M2M/IoT communication results in significant operational efficiencies, improved quality of products and services, appropriate and autonomous decision making, cost efficiency and improved ROI besides being capable of unlimited scalability.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In order to strengthen the M2M/IoT eco-system and to facilitate wider proliferation and innovation in the sector, DoT had issued guidelines for registration of M2M Service Providers and WPAN/WLAN Connectivity Providers. To facilitate the prospective registrants and with a view to aid ease of doing business, DoT commenced the process of on-boarding the M2M Service Providers in March ’22 through a very simple online registration process on its existing Saral Sanchar portal.This registration would go a long way in addressing issues such as obtaining resources from the authorised telecom licensees, KYC, traceability and encryption for the M2M Service Providers. It may also help M2M Service Providers to boost their business globally, as registration will provide them recognition as a registered entity with Government of India. Moreover, the online registration will create a database which may be used by the Connectivity Providers to manage effective spectrum sharing in unlicensed bands which might help in achieving high QoS. This registration shall also facilitate Government to gather information on the various use cases of M2M/IoT being developed by the M2MSPs and help in adoption of one M2M standards-based deployments in the country.

The Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications has announced that it received 100 Registrations for M2M Service Provider/ WLAN/ WPAN Connectivity Provider, till today. 

DoT Receives 100 Registrations For M2M Service Provider/WLAN/WPAN Connectivity Provider

SP Verma 
The safe and responsible usage of information and communication technology is called cyber safety. It is not only the keeping information safe and secure, but about being responsible with that information, being respectful of all other people online, and practicing good 'netiquette' also. As information infrastructure and the internet became bigger and more complex, it became critical to maintaining systems functional and alert to security issues. Nowadays, system administration tasks have become easier, and school administrators need to be more updated on the systems and network security. In recent years, all systems have been exposed to the Internet; hence there is an increased challenge in maintaining and protecting them from attackers.&nbsp;
During the COVID pandemic, students used internet and computer devices for online teaching-learning process and they were exposed to the vast world of cyber usage intentionally or unintentionally. Schools are playing an important role in promoting internet safety among students. Schools are responsible for keeping systems/ computers/ network devices secure and functional in the lab. It is important to keep the systems and network devices safe in the schools.
<h2>CYBER CRIMES</h2>
Any unlawful action against some person using a computer and its online or offline applications is called cybercrime. A cybercrime occurs when information technology is used to commit or cover an offense. The act is only considered cybercrime when it is done intentionally. Thus, cybercrime is a criminal activity that involves a computer, networked device, or network.
Hackers are computer experts or skilled computer users who spend an enormous amount of time trying to breach the security of networks, Web servers, and email servers. A cracker is a hacker who breaks into someone else's computer system, often on a network. The users need to know about the different ways in which their computers can be used to commit an offense. The following list will give you an idea of the loopholes in the networks and security systems, which can be exploited by attackers to exploit the net users.&nbsp;
<h3>1. Hacking</h3>
Stealing the data and information from the computer system of a person by another person is called hacking. Hacking is an illegal act committed by an intruder to access the user's computer system without his/her permission. Hackers are the people doing the 'hacking.' They are basically intelligent computer experts and programmers who have an advanced knowledge and understanding of computers and commonly misuse this knowledge for deceitful/devious reasons. They have motives to harm other people and can be explained by a human tendency, like greed, fame, power, etc. The hacking may be of the following types:
(a) SQL Injections: An SQL injection is used to attack any unprotected or improperly protected SQL database. It is a technique used by hackers to to be used for the security vulnerabilities of the software that runs a website. When the user enters login information into sign-in fields, then this information is typically converted to an SQL command by this technique.&nbsp;
(b) Theft of FTP Passwords: This is a very common method to tamper with websites. FTP password hacking is easy because so many webmasters store their website login information on their PCs. The logs into the website via the remote computer and modifies the web pages.&nbsp;
<h3>2. Cyberbullying</h3>
Cyberbullying is bullying/harassment that takes place over digital devices like cell phones, computers, tablets, etc. It may occur through SMS, Text and apps, or online in social media, digital forums, or gaming platforms where people can view, participate in, or share content.
<h3>3. Call spoofing</h3>
It happens through computer apps that enable a person with criminal intent to change one's mobile number and voice to impersonate another to defraud the receiver.
<h3>4. Virus dissemination</h3>
A virus is an application with the ability to multiply itself, which can cause great danger and damage to files or other software on the same machine. Viruses are computer programs that are attached to the system to infect a system or files. They have a tendency also to circulate to other computers on a network. Malware includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware, crimeware, and other malicious and unwanted software, including true viruses.
Viruses disrupt the functioning of computers and affect the data stored. They either modify it or delete the data. Worms do not need a host to cling to like viruses. They replicate until they eat up all available memory of the system. That's why a worm is called self-replicating malware (MaliciousSoftware).&nbsp;
Trojan horses are different from viruses as they normally enter the computer system as an email attachment and can cause damage similar to other viruses, such as stealing information or hampering/disrupting the functioning of computer systems. Antivirus software is used in computers to check different types of viruses. Important antivirus includes McAfee, Norton, etc.
<h3>5. Phishing</h3>
Extracting confidential information illegally, such as credit card numbers and username-password combos, by a hacker is called phishing. It is carried out by email spoofing.&nbsp;
<h3>6. Cyberstalking</h3>
In Cyberstalking, a person is followed online, like on social websites. Using the internet or other electronic devices by someone for stalking or harassing another person by misusing information uploaded on social websites is called Cyberstalking. A cyberstalker does not physically follow his/her victim; he does it virtually by following his online social activity to harvest information about the stalkee for harassment, making threats, etc. It is an invasion of one's online privacy.&nbsp;
<h3>7. Social Trolling</h3>
&nbsp;&nbsp;It is the act of posting inappropriate messages or visuals about a person or organisation on an online social website or community with the sole purpose of causing humiliation or nuisance to the object of trolling.
<h3>8. Morphing&nbsp;</h3>
When the face of a person to the body of another is published to blackmail or otherwise intimidate the person, then it is called morphing. It is one of the ways by which people who upload photos on social networking sites can be exploited.
<h3>9. Ransomware&nbsp;&nbsp;</h3>
It is malicious software that threatens to publish the victim's data or block access to it until a ransom is paid. It gains access to the user's data by being downloaded as an attachment in the mail.
<h3>10. Profile Hacking</h3>
It happens when the email or social networking site of someone is accessed by a probable stalker who then compromises it.
<h3>11. Camera hacking</h3>
When photographs of a person through malware are taken without his/her consent, then it is called camera hacking. This malware is an attachment. Smartphones without camera-guard are exploited for such criminal activities easily.
<h3>12. Deepfake</h3>
This technique is used to combine and superimpose new images and videos onto source images or videos to create fake videos. In these videos, the voice or face of another person is superimposed on the original one in such a manner that the viewer or listener cannot distinguish between the two videos.
<h3>13. Harassment of Online Gaming</h3>
Girls or boys who are suffering from loneliness, low self-esteem, and clinical depression can become victims of dangerous online games like PubG, blue whale, etc. Students should not play such games.
<h3>14. Web jacking</h3>
In Web jacking, the hackers take control of the website and may change the content of the original website or even redairect the user to another fake similar-looking page controlled by him. The hacker may use the website for his own interests or for ransom.&nbsp;
<h3>15. Data diddling</h3>
Data diddling is a process in which the unauthorised altering of data is done before or during entry process into a computer system and then changing it back after processing the same. By using this method, the attacker may modify the expected output. In other words, the original information to be entered into the system is changed by the hacker through a virus that's programmed to change the data, the programmer of the database, or anyone else involved in the process of transmitting data.
<h4>SIGNS OF THREATS, VULNERABILITY, AND RISK EXPOSURE</h4>
Some of the signs of threats and risk exposures are mentioned below:
- The slow and sluggish behaviour of the computer system&nbsp;
- Navigation to new browser homepage, new toolbars, and/or unwanted websites without any input.&nbsp;
- Unfamiliar programs running in Task Manager&nbsp;
- The appearance of unusual messages or programs which start automatically&nbsp;
- The appearance of new, unfamiliar icons on the desktop&nbsp;
- Circulation of strange messages from your email id to your friends&nbsp;
- Inability to download updates. Crashing of programs/ system&nbsp;
- The appearance of the infamous BSOD (Blue Screen of Death)&nbsp;
- Drainage of system battery life before the expected period&nbsp;
- Unexpected pop-ups or unusual error messages&nbsp;
- The inexplicable disappearance of the system screen while working
<h5>Developing Protection and Detection Measures</h5>
- Use a robust firewall and good-quality antivirus software.&nbsp;
- Have students and teachers create strong passwords.&nbsp;
- Have a password protocol that specifies strong password guidelines, frequent change of passwords, and avoiding the reuse of old passwords.&nbsp;
- Use only verified open-source or licensed software and operating systems.&nbsp;
- Ensure that computer systems in labs are accessed only by authorized students and teachers.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
- Set up the computer system for automatic updates for software and operating system.&nbsp;
- Use updated antivirus software in each system.&nbsp;&nbsp;
- Block file extensions (like .bat, .cmd, .exe, and .pif ) by using content-filtering software.
- Read the freeware and shareware license agreement carefully before agreeing on it.&nbsp;&nbsp;
- Protect the Wi-Fi Connection with a secure password.&nbsp;
- Change the password from the default password and change it frequently.&nbsp;
- Disable file sharing on the computers.&nbsp;
- Use vrestricted mode,v vsafe-search,v vsupervised users,v and other similar filters.&nbsp;&nbsp;
<h5>SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR STUDENTS: LIST OF DO'S AND DON'TS</h5>
Do's
- Respect the privacy of all other persons on the net.&nbsp;
- Report the content that is abusive or illegal.&nbsp;
- Follow copyright restrictions while downloading material from the Internet.&nbsp;&nbsp;
- Use an alternate name as a username when you interact/ chat with others online.&nbsp;
- Report online bullying cases immediately to the teacher and/or parents.
- Use a very strong and unique password with combinations of numbers, uppercase, and lowercase letters, and special characters.
- Use the updated version of the operating system, the browser, and the antivirus.&nbsp;
- Use original software from trusted sources.&nbsp;
- Always scan files and attachments before opening.
- Connect with known individuals on social sites.&nbsp;
Don'ts
- Don't share personal information with strangers: real name, date of birth, mobile number, etc.&nbsp;
- Don't send /share your pictures/details with unknown persons or on social websites.&nbsp;
- Don't open emails and attachments from strangers; first, scan them.
- Don't pick up online calls from strangers.&nbsp;
- Don't respond to a suspicious email, instant message, or web page asking for personal information.&nbsp;
- Don't show your password to anybody.&nbsp;
- Don't share your password to the net accounts with anyone.&nbsp;
- Don't save the username and password on the browser/net.&nbsp;
- Don't steal other person's information or data.&nbsp;
- Don't access files without the consent of the owner.
- Don't involve in bullying other persons online by teasing, threatening, or using rude or offensive language.&nbsp;
- Don't use another person's password, even if it is shared by him/her.&nbsp;
- Don't make someone else's computer unsafe.&nbsp;
- Don't meet an unknown person (even if they are known only through online interaction) people alone.&nbsp;&nbsp;
Thus, it may be concluded that schools and parents should work together to keep the students safe from cyber criminals.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
—The Hawk Features

The safe and responsible usage of information and communication technology is called cyber safety. It is not only the keeping information safe and secure, 

Cyber Security In Schools: Need Of The Hour

Vijay Garg<span style="color: rgb(53,53,53);background-color: rgb(255,255,255);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji;">*&nbsp;
Mass Communication is the study of spreading information to a large audience through a number of communication channels.’ In this way Mass communication refers to the activity where we are communicating with large number of people or group of communities. We should have a particular aim, message or information and this message may be any social awareness or just any breaking news. On the other hand Journalism is all about reporting the facts of daily changes and activities around us.
Aspects of Journalism:
Journalism is mainly known as print journalism (news papers, magazines) and electronic media (news channels, radio news programs) but now its roles is expanding continuously. Social media applications, Digital media (websites of news channels and news papers) and many more aspects of journalism are getting popular and becoming good source of income. In the same sequence the scope of media aspirants is increasing day by day. The electronic devices mainly, mobile phones are equipped with many features helpful in this revolution. These scientific inventions proved themselves as the new weapons for media persons.
Big media house and changing strategies:
In India media has become esteemed profession. Electronic Media houses have TRP (Television Rating Point) fight and News papers are still contesting for country wise circulation. The competition for TRP or circulation is increasing in cities and states. To win the battle, the strategies have changed and the local news coverage has become more and more local media person are required in all the states. Some local news papers like, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Amar Ujala, now days have gotten more share in News paper market. Likewise, Hindustan and Navbharat times started local area pages inside their paper and got more readers. Indian Readership survey says local news creates curiosity among readers.
News channels touching new trends:
The on-air news programs are always looking for more views and more TRP (Television Rating Point). The production team is always looking for new content, fresh ideas and latest trends. Young but talented new generation of new media persons filled the gap and finding new roles in all the news channels. The old patterns are getting out dated and new trends are catching more eyes. Hence, fact checking programs, social media programs and new patterns of reporting, live anchoring has found time for TV screen. Even today different types of news programs are watched and liked by a large number of audience.
The growing sector – ‘Digital media’
All the major industries are facing stagnation problems in the market. But Media industry is continuously finding new ways of revenue generating. Some news roles are appreciated and getting better revenue. Digital media is one of the new media but getting very popular these days. In simple words Digital media is the website presenting news programs or news reports. Almost all the running news channels and news papers / magazine have created their websites to showcase their news/programs. They have also created a specialised team of Editors, creators, directors etc. for this new area. Journalism and Mass Communication students can easily get opportunity in the digital sector of many news channels!
Big Media names having big bite in the market capture:
Comparatively it’s easy for big media players to run any news website. News papers like Times of India, Hindustan Times, Dainik Jagran, Amar Ujala, Hindsutan, Navbharat Times are running their news websites since long way back and are enjoying the benefits of it. News channels like Aaj Tak, Zee News, India TV, Times Now, NDTV, ABP News are also having major cut in this industry. The field of ‘Digital Media’ is endless and news media aspirants can create their own space. Almost daily new names are creating their market with some unique content. Started the news website as well as Youtube Channel. Later it was taken over by the Times Group but the brand has continued the same style of reporting.
The news website now needs more eyes on their content. At this point some journalists cheat on this ground and create fake content. Some political parties also create fake contents to defame their opponents. Even social media accounts are created to spread fake content with malefic intention only! A flood of wrong information on the internet has surfaced in the last 5 years. But, some media person recognised their duty as well as saw an opportunity and started fact checking sites. Sooner it became another opportunity sea and lots of facts checkers started their websites with the same target audience in the market.&nbsp;
Why choose Journalism and Mass Communication?
The field of Journalism and Mass Communication is blessed with unlimited opportunities. Its course is very close to the characteristics of personality development. Journalism and mass communication is commonly misunderstood as just the studies of Journalism and media industry but, that is just the one dimension of Mass Communication and in reality it is much more than that. To help you understand why choose the course of Journalism and Mass Communication, few helpful points are mentioned below:-
Social Media:
Social media has introduced drastic changes in the media world. Now anyone having a good camera mobile can create his own content and explore himself on the world of YouTube and similar platforms. Most of Journalism and Mass Communication students have created their profile on several platforms and getting attention from the world of social media. Although there are lots of you tubers in the industry but the students are trained and equipped with skills for better content writing, shooting, anchoring and video editing. Hence many videos go viral and even graduate students are creating their names in the industry. Due to this you can also create your name and earn good money just after completing a simple bachelor’s degree course in Journalism and Mass Communication!
&nbsp;New scope of career has been introduced and students are finding their scope in all the dimension of their career. If you are looking for a bright career with a powerful position, then look no further and take admission in the School of Media Film and Television Studies&nbsp;
*Vijay Garg Retired Principal Educational Columnist Malout Punjab

Mass Communication is the study of spreading information to a large audience through a number of communication channels.’ In this way Mass communication refers to the activity

The Future In Journalism 

Vijay Garg 
When you communicate effectively, it helps you build strong interpersonal relationships, collaborate better with colleagues, and be assertive to stand up for yourself. But before you begin to improve your communication skills, you may want to identify the key areas of improvement. Communication is not simply an exchange of words. It involves –your intention, tonality, facial expressions, body language, clarity of message, choice of words, expression and articulation.
While you work towards the improvement of your communication, here are some tips to get you started on the journey:
1.Pay attention to your intention – Take some time to reflect on your intention before communicating. Ask yourself why you want to communicate and what outcome you hope to achieve. Be honest with yourself about your intentions and make sure that your communication is constructive and positive.
2.Choose your words carefully – Once you have clarified your intention, choose your words carefully to align with that intention. Use language that is clear, respectful, and non-judgmental. Avoid language that is confrontational or defensive. For example, avoid using ‘you’ statements as this may come across as bossy or accusatory. Instead, use more inclusive words such as ‘we’ or ‘the team’.
3.Be mindful of your tone and non-verbal communication aka body language: Your tone of voice and body language can communicate more than your words. Using a respectful tone can come across as supportive. Avoid using a tone that is aggressive, sarcastic or dismissive. Be aware of your body language as well, such as maintaining positive eye contact and an open posture, to convey your sincerity and openness. Remember, people notice micro-expressions or fake smiles. Be authentic, but also kind.
4.Listen actively: Listen to what others are saying and ask questions to clarify what they mean. This shows that you value their opinions and helps avoid misunderstandings. You can also use rejoinders such as ‘hmm’, ‘I hear you’, ‘Oh’, etc.
Improving your communication skills takes practice and patience, but the benefits go a long way. By improving your communication skills, you can advance your career and achieve your professional goals.
—The Hawk Features

When you communicate effectively, it helps you build strong interpersonal relationships, collaborate better with colleagues, and be assertive to stand up

Ways To Improve Your Communication Skills

Vijay Garg 
Today amidst the immense popularity and prevalence of electronic and digital media we find it difficult to imagine that there must have been a time when print media was invented. The earliest civilizations relied on oral communication.If there was a news to be told they ran to spread the word to others who did the same finally spreading the news to everyone.After that people began to write the news in picture form and in crude languages where symbols stood for words and letters.And then with the invention of paper and printing press print media came into existence.And after that there was no turning back.
Print media is the printed version of telling news primarily through newspapers and magazines.Before coming of the printing press,printed materials had to be written by hand.It was quite a long process which made mass distribution impossible. Until a few years ago,print media (newspapers, magazines) was the main source of news and entertainment. But now digital media (websites,apps,social media) is giving a tough competition to print media resulting in debates on the importance of both of them.
ADVANTAGES OF PRINT MEDIA
1.Print media is more trustworthy because once the news is published, it cannot be modified and deleted. But in digital media,we can modify or delete the content. The newspapers and magazine publishers are extra careful when publishing news or articles.So print media is more trustworthy than digital media.
2.Reading print media can save a lot of time because all the content is compiled in a newspaper or magazine.
3.These days all the study and work involve screen time for many.In this situation print media is like a break and relief.Now more and more people want some Digital Detox time.And then print media is super useful for them. 4.When we read newspapers there will be no distractions and we can totally focus on it.It is an advantage of print media over digital media. 5.In some remote areas in India internet access is still very limited.And then print media is a blessing for them to stay updated with the latest happenings around the world.
DISADVANTAGES OF PRINT MEDIA
1.It is just a one-way communication.It gives information to the public but consumers cannot share their opinions.It’s in a way not user friendly.
2.To search for an old article in a newspaper or magazine archive is a very difficult task.
3.Print media cannot target a specific audience but digital media can show different ads to a different type of audience and thus generate more revenue.
4.Print media is not helpful for people with disabilities.For eg, digital media helps people with visual impairment by giving audio versions of the content.
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL MEDIA
1.Digital media gives fast updates and keeps us aware and abreast with latest happenings,while print media is a slower version than digital one.It makes digital media a more proper option to get news instantly,in a more hassle-free manner.
2.Digital media is two-way communication.Consumers can share their opinions,thoughts and feedback in an instant.It gives readers a sense of community.
3.It is eco-friendly while print media needs paper got from trees resulting in their destruction on a large-scale level.
4.The famous newspapers are also establishing their own online news portals.It is because of the growing importance of digital media.
5.Small companies can advertise easily on digital media platforms because it is less expensive than advertising on print media.
6.Digital media platforms can generate revenue from old contents too.So they will get more revenue and can invest more to update the quality of content.
7.Digital media is democratic unlike print media which is privatized often run by big businesses.
8.Smartphone users are increasing rapidly and so many digital media platforms are offering content for free due to advertisements.
DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL MEDIA
1.As anyone can generate content easily for digital media, fake news is on the rise.So unless they are famous and have a good name digital media platforms are not trustworthy by the public.
2.Print media publishes only important news.But digital media platforms publish everything small to big so they contain a lot of unnecessary news.
3.Staring at the screen for a long time results in health problems too.
4.Many digital media publish content throughout the day.So people can check for new content always and so people are getting addicted to news and entertainment content a lot too much.It is causing ‘Headline Stress Disorder’ for most of them. DIGITAL VS PRINT MEDIA
Today consumers are exposed to a lot of digital media as much as print.There is a growing prevalence of smartphones and tablets and the wireless networks that connect them mean that more and more people view digital devices. It also means more and more consumers view ads on digital devices.For marketing and advertising digital media has many benefits.It can be less expensive than print media depending on the details of each campaign.Digital campaigns can also be produced, launched and updated faster than print. Digital media is interactive in multiple ways.Promotion on social media allows marketers to communicate directly with consumers using messaging,commenting, tweeting,wall posting etc to answer questions and offer incentives.Users are able to search for a digital document.Digital ads allow for more control over who sees than print ads so marketers can target them more easily towards specific demographics.Many digital ads can generate consumer information as well offering insight over who exactly is viewing the ads.For e.g,Google AdWords and Facebook Ads offer analysis on user trends and successful referrals generated by the advertisements.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;—The Hawk Features

Today amidst the immense popularity and prevalence of electronic and digital media we find it difficult to imagine that there must have been a time when print media was invented. 

The Rise Of Digital Media

New Delhi: Soon, the government is going to help millions of people track their lost or stolen mobile phones, as a new portal -- www.sancharsaathi.gov.in -- is set to be unveiled on May 17, which is also the World Telecommunication and Information Society Day.

This new portal will help people track and find their lost mobile phones.

The Sanchar Saathi portal will be officially unveiled by Telecom Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw on May 17. The portal will be available throughout the country and cater to lost or stolen mobile phones connected to all telecom circles.

As of now, this portal caters only to Delhi and Mumbai circles.

Till date with the help of this portal, 4,70,000 lost or stolen mobile phones have been blocked. Also, more than 2,40,000 mobile phones have been tracked through this portal, official sources informed. Around 8,000 phones have also been recovered through the portal.

With the help of this portal, users can also access their SIM card number and block it if anybody is found using the SIM through the owner's ID. —IANS

Soon, the government is going to help millions of people track their lost or stolen mobile phones, as a new portal -- www.sancharsaathi.gov.in -- is set to be unveiled on May 17

Portal to track, recover lost mobile phones to be unveiled on May 17

New Delhi: Meta-owned WhatsApp on Tuesday said they are grateful for the acknowledgment of its continuous commitment to user safety in India by IT and Railways Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, after the company faced scrutiny last week as international spam calls flooded the users.

Vaishnaw on Tuesday launched the Sanchar Saathi portal, on the World Telecommunication and Information Society Day, that will help millions of people track their lost or stolen mobile phones, and mentioned WhatsApp's cooperation with the government to ensure customer safety.

"We are grateful for the minister's acknowledgment of WhatsApp's continuous commitment to user safety. We have been actively engaging with the government to consistently ensure a safe and secure user experience, including weeding out bad-actors from the platform," said a WhatsApp spokesperson.

WhatsApp is a leader among end-to-end encrypted services in protecting user safety and "we continue to provide several in-built safety tools like Block &amp; Report, Two-step verification, among others, along with regularly driving user safety education and awareness," the spokesperson added.

WhatsApp last week said it took action on the growing menace of International scam calls in India, after the government took cognisance of the issue and announced to send a notice to the platform over the issue.

The platform, which has over 500 million users in the country, said it has ramped up its artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems to bring down such incidents significantly.

"Our new enforcement will reduce the current calling rate by at least 50 per cent and we expect to be able to control the current incidence effectively. We will continue to work relentlessly towards ensuring a safe experience for our users," a company spokesperson had said in a statement.

These spam calls with international numbers, mostly from African and Southeast Asian countries, along with fake messages from unknown users, flooded WhatsApp users in India.

Meta Founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg on Monday announced a new WhatsApp feature called Chat Lock to safeguard intimate chats. IANS

Meta-owned WhatsApp said they are grateful for the acknowledgment of its continuous commitment to user safety in India by IT and Railways Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw

Grateful of IT Minister's acknowledgment of our user safety efforts in India: WhatsApp

Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) [India]: Jammu police on Wednesday issued an advisory asking the general public to remain cautious towards some suspicious telecommunications spreading rumours regarding the G20 meet to be held in the valley.

"The general public is advised to remain cautious towards some suspicious telecommunications and not to respond to any of the following numbers:+44 7520 693559, +447418343648, +44 7520 693134 or any ISD number which are spreading rumours regarding the upcoming G 20 event," read the advisory from the Jammu police.

As per the advisory, "These numbers are spreading anti-national messages/propaganda and the general public should remain fully alert towards these attempts and not respond to any of such suspicious calls".

"Moreover, if any person has any grievance or query related to the matter, he/she can contact the Cyber Police station or any nearby Police station/Post Post," it stated.

Meanwhile, Additional Director General of Police (ADGP) Kashmir zone, Vijay Kumar on Monday co-chaired a review meeting with field officers over the security arrangements for the G-20 meet.

Kashmir police informed that officers were directed to ensure that deployment of magistrates &amp; police are put in place well before the summit and reiterated the need to enhance the security measures at vulnerable locations to avoid any chance of terrorist attack during the G20 summit.

The picturesque region of Kashmir is gearing up to host the prestigious G20 Summit for the first time in its history.

The event, which will take place from May 22 to 24 at the SKICC on the banks of the famous Dal Lake in Srinagar, is expected to have a positive impact on the tourism and trade sectors of the region.

Preparations for the summit are in full swing, with the city of Srinagar being decorated like a bride to welcome the distinguished guests. The renovation and repair of roads are being carried out at a fast pace, along with the installation of hoods and other construction works. For the first time, work is also being done to decorate the bunkers from outside located from Srinagar International Airport to SKICC.

Department of Tourism Kashmir has also made many essential arrangements to make this summit a memorable one.

The G20 summit is expected to promote Kashmir internationally and give a new dimension to the tourism sector of Kashmir. The tourism sector is the backbone of the economy of Jammu and Kashmir, and a record number of tourists are expected to visit Kashmir this year also.

The summit will boost the tourism sector and help it touch new heights. The handicraft industry is also hoping that this international-level summit will prove to be very beneficial.

G20 Summit includes the European Union, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, United Kingdom, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey and the United States. ANI

Jammu police on Wednesday issued an advisory asking the general public to remain cautious towards some suspicious telecommunications spreading rumours regarding the G20 meet to be held in the valley.

Jammu police issues advisory ahead of G20 meet in Kashmir

New Delhi (The Hawk): Scientists have devised a method to overcome distortion due to photon-polarization posed by the constant movement of satellites as well as scrambling of polarization in optical fibres and achieve secure long-distance communication without use of conventional active-polarization tracking devices which are costly. In this digital age, keeping one’s data secure is both a challenge and constant worry. With an increased usage of online services and payment gateways, personal data like Aadhar, PAN, phone numbers, photos, and all classified information remain highly vulnerable. In order to counter possible data breaches by miscreants and secure communication for both personal and strategic purposes like defence and national security, scientists at the Quantum Information and Computing (QuIC) lab at the Raman Research Institute (RRI) have come up with a solution. They have tried to solve the problem arising due to distortion of photon-polarization posed by the constant movement of satellites as well as scrambling of polarization in optical fibres, over large distances. QuIC lab has been long involved in developing the most secure, long-distance Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol aimed at creating a globally secure quantum network imminent in our near future. This work is a continuation to the ongoing Quantum experiments using satellite technology, being done in collaboration with the Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO) through the QuEST research grant. Towards developing secure communication using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), researchers at RRI, an autonomous institute funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), have proposed an approach using a method to perform entanglement-based QKD called BBM92 QKD protocol. Using this approach, the need for having resource-intensive and complex conventional active-polarization tracking is negated, wherein all real-time polarization tracking is done by placing feedback-based mechanisms at regular intervals. “Our approach uses novel optimization methods to achieve the best trade-off between the key rate, the quantum-bit-error-rate (QBER-- indicative of the errors in the protocol), and a balanced key symmetry which is needed to ensure minimum probability of eavesdropping. We offer a solution that is cost-effective and uses no extra resources, which removes the necessity of employing active polarization tracking devices,” said Professor Urbasi Sinha, head, QuIC lab, and corresponding author of the paper published in the journal Communications Physics (Nature). In this method to perform entanglement-based QKD, the entangled state had a very high fidelity of 94 percent, established through Quantum State Tomography, a standard technique for estimating the quantum state. Through systematically lowering the fidelity down to a very low 10 percent, the high performance of the protocol remained unchanged. “The performance of our implementation is independent of any local polarization rotation. Finally, in the classical post-processing step, using our optimization methods, we maximize the key rate, while restricting the QBER below the information-theoretically secure threshold of 11% and ensuring a balanced key symmetry,” said Sourav Chatterjee, former project scientist under the QuEST research grant.

 Scientists have devised a method to overcome distortion due to photon-polarization posed by the constant

The Hawk

Tag : Communication

IIT Mandi researchers develop technology to overcome spectrum shortages in future wireless communication applications

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Tag : Communication

IIT Mandi researchers develop technology to overcome spectrum shortages in future wireless communication applications

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