California: In Drosophila, researchers from the Buck Institute have discovered a link between nutrition, circadian rhythms, eye health, and lifespan for the first time. They also discovered that activities in the fly eye are actually driving the ageing process.The research has been published in the journal, "Nature Communications" Previous studies have shown in humans that there is an association between eye disorders and poor health. "Our study argues that it is more than correlation: dysfunction of the eye can actually drive problems in other tissues," said senior author and Buck Institute Professor Pankaj Kapahi, PhD, whose lab has demonstrated for years that fasting and caloric restriction can improve many functions of the body. "We are now showing that not only does fasting improve eyesight, but the eye actually plays a role in influencing lifespan." "The finding that the eye itself, at least in the fruit fly, can directly regulate lifespan was a surprise to us," said lead author, Brian Hodge, PhD, who did his postdoctoral studies in Kapahi's lab.The explanation for this connection, Hodge said, lies in circadian "clocks," the molecular machinery within every cell of every organism, which has evolved to adapt to daily stresses, such as changes in light and temperature caused by the rising and setting of the sun. These 24-hour oscillations - circadian rhythms - affect complex animal behaviours, such as predator-prey interactions and sleep/wake cycles, down to fine-tuning the temporal regulation of molecular functions of gene transcription and protein translation. In 2016 Kapahi's lab published a study in Cell Metabolism showing that fruit flies on a restricted diet had significant changes in their circadian rhythms in addition to extending lifespan. When Hodge joined the lab later that year, he wanted to dig deeper to figure out which processes that enhance circadian functions were altered by the diet change, and whether circadian processes were required for the longer lifespan seen with dietary restriction."The fruit fly has such a short lifespan, making it a really beautiful model that allows us to screen a lot of things at once," said Hodge, who is currently a scientist at Fountain Therapeutics in South San Francisco. The study began with a broad survey to see what genes oscillate in a circadian fashion when flies on an unrestricted diet were compared with those fed just 10 per cent of the protein of the unrestricted diet. Immediately, Hodge noticed numerous genes that were both diet-responsive and also exhibiting ups and downs at different time points, or "rhythmic." He then discovered that the rhythmic genes that were activated the most with dietary restriction all seemed to be coming from the eye, specifically from photoreceptors, the specialized neurons in the retina of the eye that respond to light.This finding led to a series of experiments designed to understand how eye function fits into the story of how dietary restriction can extend lifespan. For example, they set up experiments showing that keeping flies in constant darkness extended their lifespan. "That seemed very strange to us," said Hodge. "We had thought flies needed the lighting cues to be rhythmic, or circadian."They then used bioinformatics to ask: Do the genes in the eye that are also rhythmic and responsive to dietary restriction influence lifespan? The answer was yes they do. "We always think of the eye as something that serves us, to provide vision. We don't think of it as something that must be protected to protect the whole organism," said Kapahi, who is also an associate adjunct professor of urology at UCSF.Since the eyes are exposed to the outside world, he explained, the immune defences there are critically active, which can lead to inflammation, which, when present for long periods of time, can cause or worsen a variety of common chronic diseases. Additionally, light in itself can cause photoreceptor degeneration which can cause inflammation."Staring at computer and phone screens, and being exposed to light pollution well into the night are conditions very disturbing for circadian clocks," Kapahi said. "It messes up protection for the eye and that could have consequences beyond just the vision, damaging the rest of the body and the brain."There is much to be understood about the role the eye plays in the overall health and lifespan of an organism, including how the eye regulates lifespan and does the same effect apply to other organisms?The biggest question raised by this work as it might apply to humans is, simply, do photoreceptors in mammals affect the longevity? Probably not as much as in fruit flies, said Hodge, noting that the majority of energy in a fruit fly is devoted to the eye. But since photoreceptors are just specialized neurons, he said, "the stronger link I would argue is the role that circadian function plays in neurons in general, especially with dietary restrictions, and how these can be harnessed to maintain neuronal function throughout ageing." Once researchers understand how these processes are working, they can begin to target the molecular clock to decelerate aging, said Hodge, adding that it may be that humans could help maintain vision by activating the clocks within our eyes. "It might be through diet, drugs, lifestyle changes... A lot of really interesting research lies ahead," he said.&nbsp;&nbsp;—ANI

In Drosophila, researchers from the Buck Institute have discovered a link between nutrition, circadian rhythms, eye health, and lifespan for the first time. They also discovered that activities in the fly eye are actually driving the ageing process.

Researchers Discover Link Between Food, Eye Health And Lifespan

Washington: According to a study led by researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, higher levels of optimism were associated with longer lifespan and living beyond age 90 in women across racial and ethnic groups."Although optimism itself may be affected by social structural factors, such as race and ethnicity, our research suggests that the benefits of optimism may hold across diverse groups," said Hayami Koga, a PhD candidate in the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Harvard Chan School and lead author of the study. "A lot of previous work has focused on deficits or risk factors that increase the risks for diseases and premature death. Our findings suggest that there's value to focusing on positive psychological factors, like optimism, as possible new ways of promoting longevity and healthy ageing across diverse groups."The study will be published online on June 8, 2022, in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. In a previous study, the research group determined that optimism was linked to a longer lifespan and exceptional longevity, which was defined as living beyond 85 years of age. Because they had looked at mostly white populations in that previous study, Koga and her colleagues broadened the participant pool in the current study to include women from across racial and ethnic groups. According to Koga, including diverse populations in research is important to public health because these groups have higher mortality rates than white populations, and there is limited research about them to help inform health policy decisions.For this study, the researchers analyzed data and survey responses from 159,255 participants in the Women's Health Initiative, which included postmenopausal women in the U.S. The women enrolled at ages 50-79 from 1993 to 1998 and were followed for up to 26 years.Of the participants, the 25% who were the most optimistic were likely to have a 5.4% longer lifespan and a 10% greater likelihood of living beyond 90 years than the 25% who were the least optimistic. The researchers also found no interaction between optimism and any categories of race and ethnicity, and these trends held true after taking into account demographics, chronic conditions, and depression. Lifestyle factors, such as regular exercise and healthy eating, accounted for less than a quarter of the optimism-lifespan association, indicating that other factors may be at play. Koga said that the study's results could reframe how people view the decisions that affect their health."We tend to focus on the negative risk factors that affect our health," said Koga. "It is also important to think about the positive resources such as optimism that may be beneficial to our health, especially if we see that these benefits are seen across racial and ethnic groups." —ANI

 According to a study led by researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, higher levels of optimism were associated with longer lifespan and living beyond age 90 in women across racial and ethnic groups.

Study: Higher Levels Of Optimism Increases Lifespan

Washington: According to a study led by researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, higher levels of optimism were associated with longer lifespan and living beyond age 90 in women across racial and ethnic groups.“Although optimism itself may be affected by social structural factors, such as race and ethnicity, our research suggests that the benefits of optimism may hold across diverse groups,” said Hayami Koga, a PhD candidate in the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Harvard Chan School and lead author of the study. “A lot of previous work has focused on deficits or risk factors that increase the risks for diseases and premature death. Our findings suggest that there’s value to focusing on positive psychological factors, like optimism, as possible new ways of promoting longevity and healthy ageing across diverse groups.”The study will be published online on June 8, 2022, in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.In a previous study, the research group determined that optimism was linked to a longer lifespan and exceptional longevity, which was defined as living beyond 85 years of age. Because they had looked at mostly white populations in that previous study, Koga and her colleagues broadened the participant pool in the current study to include women from across racial and ethnic groups. According to Koga, including diverse populations in research is important to public health because these groups have higher mortality rates than white populations, and there is limited research about them to help inform health policy decisions.For this study, the researchers analyzed data and survey responses from 159,255 participants in the Women’s Health Initiative, which included postmenopausal women in the U.S. The women enrolled at ages 50-79 from 1993 to 1998 and were followed for up to 26 years.Of the participants, the 25% who were the most optimistic were likely to have a 5.4% longer lifespan and a 10% greater likelihood of living beyond 90 years than the 25% who were the least optimistic. The researchers also found no interaction between optimism and any categories of race and ethnicity, and these trends held true after taking into account demographics, chronic conditions, and depression. Lifestyle factors, such as regular exercise and healthy eating, accounted for less than a quarter of the optimism-lifespan association, indicating that other factors may be at play.Koga said that the study’s results could reframe how people view the decisions that affect their health.“We tend to focus on the negative risk factors that affect our health,” said Koga. “It is also important to think about the positive resources such as optimism that may be beneficial to our health, especially if we see that these benefits are seen across racial and ethnic groups.”—ANI

Study: Higher levels of optimism increases lifespan

According to a study led by researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, higher levels of optimism were associated with longer lifespan and living beyond age 90 in women across racial and ethnic groups.

London: According to research published online in the Journal of Epidemiology of Community Health, increasing the amount of natural (green and blue) space and private gardens has the ability to reduce the difference in lifespan between people living in the most and least poor areas.
According to the data, there is a 7 per cent decrease in the incidence of early death among people under 65 for every 10% increase in natural space. There is substantial evidence that more access to and exposure to natural space has a direct positive influence on health, supporting the notion that the environment is beneficial to health. The researchers adopted the metric of "years of life lost," or YLL, to try and find out because it is unclear whether access to natural space may also be linked to disparities in longevity and protection against earlier death.
They used YLL information from the Scottish Burden of Disease from 2016, which reflects the discrepancy between predicted and actual lifespan for men and women under 65 who were living in Scotland, UK, at the time of death. The YLL data were divided up into 'data zone', which was defined as a geographical unit of between 500 and 1000 homes that adheres to natural communities and physical boundaries, has a regular shape, and has households with social characteristics that are generally similar.
Areas of open space or private gardens were tracked in square metres using the Ordnance Survey Master map.
The following were included in the definition of "natural space": forested areas, sparsely planted areas, scrub, marshy areas, heath areas, open water (inland or tidal), semi-natural grassland areas, general natural areas like grass on sports fields, roadside verges, and farmland, agriculture, hard bare ground areas like cliffs, rocks, and boulders, and soft bare ground areas like sand, soil, and foreshore.
The lowest average percentage coverage of gardens and natural space was found in areas with the highest income deprivation (58.5%, 49-65%). These localities had the greatest rates of illness among the populace. According to the study, the frequency of premature death decreased by 7% for every 10% increase in natural area cover.
The difference in YLL between the most and least poor places was similarly correlated with an increase in the accessibility of natural space within local communities. Even little amounts of natural space appeared to have an impact. The researchers note that while "in reality, not everyone can live in an area with a high percentage of green or natural space, this does not mean that even tiny amounts of such regions are not advantageous." Since this study is observational, causation and effect cannot be determined. The researchers also note that study lacked information on the usage patterns and quality of local natural spaces, as well as on individual lifestyle choices and economic situations, all of which could have influenced their findings.
But they note that their results are consistent with those of other investigations. The researchers come to the following conclusion: "A greater number of natural/green spaces within local areas has the ability to lessen the gap in YLL between the most and least financially deprived places--the 'equigenic' impact." They continue: "Private gardens and natural areas should play a significant role in the design of any structure or development."
The researchers were unable to distinguish between the type and degree of exposure to natural space in urban and rural locations, or significant characteristics like air pollution and access to healthcare, according to a related editorial.
However, the editorialists from Massey University in Wellington, New Zealand, the USDA Forest Service in Portland, Oregon, and the US Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle note that if the association between natural space and a decline in health inequity is found to be true, then this "could provide an additional public-health tool to reduce the large health inequities that exist for deprived populations, indigenous peoples, and other ethnic minorities." The researchers were unable to distinguish between the type and degree of exposure to natural space in urban and rural locations, or significant characteristics like air pollution and access to healthcare, according to a related editorial. However, the editorialists from the Massey University in Wellington, New Zealand, the USDA Forest Service in Portland, Oregon, and the US Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle note that if the association between natural space and a decline in health inequity is found to be true, then this "could provide an additional public-health tool to reduce the large health inequities that exist for deprived populations, indigenous peoples, and other ethnic minorities." —ANI

According to research published online in the Journal of Epidemiology of Community Health, increasing the amount of natural (green and blue) space and private gardens has the ability to reduce the difference in lifespan between people living in the most and least poor areas.

Study Suggests Increased Green Space Could Narrow Lifespan Gap Between Poorest And Richest Areas

Wisconsin: A recent research of thousands of people finds a significant difference in the amount of water people consume around the world and throughout their lives, clearly refuting the oft-repeated concept that eight, 8-ounce glasses of water cover the human body's daily needs.
"The science has never supported the old eight glasses thing as an appropriate guideline, if only because it confused total water turnover with water from beverages and a lot of your water comes from the food you eat," says Dale Schoeller, a University of Wisconsin-Madison emeritus professor of nutritional sciences who has been studying water and metabolism for decades. "But this work is the best we've done so far to measure how much water people actually consume on a daily basis -- the turnover of water into and out of the body -- and the major factors that drive water turnover."
That's not to say the new results settle on a new guideline. The study, published in the journal Science, measured the water turnover of more than 5,600 people from 26 countries, ages ranging from 8 days to 96 years old, and found daily averages on a range between 1 liter per day and 6 liters per day.
"There are outliers, too, that are turning over as much as 10 liters a day," says Schoeller, a co-author of the study. "The variation means pointing to one average doesn't tell you much. The database we've put together shows us the big things that correlate with differences in water turnover."
Previous studies of water turnover relied largely on volunteers to recall and self-report their water and food consumption, or were focused observations -- of, say, a small group of young, male soldiers working outdoors in desert conditions -- of questionable use as representative of most people. The new research objectively measured the time it took water to move through the bodies of study participants by following the turnover of "labeled water." Study subjects drank a measured amount of water containing trackable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. Isotopes are atoms of a single element that have slightly different atomic weights, making them distinguishable from other atoms of the same element in a sample. "If you measure the rate a person is eliminating those stable isotopes through their urine over the course of a week, the hydrogen isotope can tell you how much water they're replacing and the elimination of the oxygen isotope can tell us how many calories they are burning," says Schoeller, whose UW-Madison lab in the 1980s was the first to apply the labeled-water method to study people.
More than 90 researchers were involved in the study, which was led by a group that includes Yosuke Yamada, a former UW-Madison postdoctoral researcher in Schoeller's lab and now section head of the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition in Japan, and John Speakman, zoology professor at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland. They collected and analyzed data from participants, comparing environmental factors -- such as temperature, humidity and altitude of the participants' hometowns -- to measured water turnover, energy expenditure, body mass, sex, age and athlete status.
The researchers also incorporated the United Nations' Human Development Index, a composite measure of a country that combines life expectancy, schooling and economic factors. Water turnover volume peaked for men in the study during their 20s, while women held a plateau from 20 through 55 years of age. Newborns, however, turned over the largest proportion daily, replacing about 28 percent of the water in their bodies every day.
Physical activity level and athletic status explained the largest proportion of the differences in water turnover, followed by sex, the Human Development Index, and age. All things equal, men and women differ by about half a liter of water turnover. As a baseline of sorts, the study's findings expect a male non-athlete (but of otherwise average physical activity) who is 20 years old, weighs 70kg (154 pounds), lives at sea level in a well-developed country in a mean air temperature of 10 degrees C (50 Fahrenheit) and a relative humidity of 50%, would take in and lose about 3.2 liters of water every day. A woman of the same age and activity level, weighing 60 kg (132 pounds) and living in the same spot, would go through 2.7 liters (91 ounces). Doubling the energy a person uses will push their expected daily water turnover up by about liter, the researchers found. Fifty kilograms more body weight adds 0.7 liters a day. A 50% increase in humidity pushes water use up by 0.3 liters. Athletes use about a liter more than non-athletes.
The researchers found "hunter-gatherers, mixed farmers, and subsistence agriculturalists" all had higher water turnover than people who live in industrialized economies. In all, the lower your home country's Human Development Index, the more water you go through in a day.
"That's representing the combination of several factors," Schoeller says. "Those people in low HDI countries are more likely to live in areas with higher average temperatures, more likely to be performing physical labor, and less likely to be inside in a climate-controlled building during the day. That, plus being less likely to have access to a sip of clean water whenever they need it, makes their water turnover higher." The measurements will improve our ability to predict more specific and accurate future water needs, especially in dire circumstances, according to Schoeller.
"Look at what's going on in Florida right now, or in Mississippi -- where entire regions have been exposed by a calamity to water shortages," he says. "The better we understand how much they need, the better prepared we are to respond in an emergency."
And the better we can prepare for long-term needs and even notice short-term health concerns, the researchers believe. "Determining how much water humans consume is of increasing importance because of population growth and growing climate change," says Yamada. "Because water turnover is related to other important indicators of health, like physical activity and body fat percent, it has potential as a biomarker for metabolic health." —ANI

A recent research of thousands of people finds a significant difference in the amount of water people consume around the world and throughout their lives, clearly refuting the oft-repeated concept that eight, 8-ounce glasses of water cover the human body's daily needs.

Study Examines Amount Of Water People Consume Over Their Lifespan

Washington: A research of thousands of people has found a significant difference in the amount of water people consume around the world and throughout their lives, clearly refuting the oft-repeated concept that eight, 8-ounce glasses of water cover the human body's daily needs.
"The science has never supported the old eight glasses thing as an appropriate guideline, if only because it confused total water turnover with water from beverages and a lot of your water comes from the food you eat," says Dale Schoeller, a University of Wisconsin-Madison emeritus professor of nutritional sciences who has been studying water and metabolism for decades. Dale added, "But this work is the best we've done so far to measure how much water people actually consume on a daily basis -- the turnover of water into and out of the body -- and the major factors that drive water turnover."
That's not to say the new results settle on a new guideline. The study, published in the journal Science, measured the water turnover of more than 5,600 people from 26 countries, ages ranging from 8 days to 96 years old, and found daily averages on a range between 1 liter per day and 6 liters per day.
"There are outliers, too, that are turning over as much as 10 liters a day," says Schoeller, a co-author of the study. "The variation means pointing to one average doesn't tell you much. The database we've put together shows us the big things that correlate with differences in water turnover."
Previous studies of water turnover relied largely on volunteers to recall and self-report their water and food consumption, or were focused observations -- of, say, a small group of young, male soldiers working outdoors in desert conditions -- of questionable use as representative of most people.
The new research objectively measured the time it took water to move through the bodies of study participants by following the turnover of "labeled water." Study subjects drank a measured amount of water containing trackable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. Isotopes are atoms of a single element that have slightly different atomic weights, making them distinguishable from other atoms of the same element in a sample.
"If you measure the rate a person is eliminating those stable isotopes through their urine over the course of a week, the hydrogen isotope can tell you how much water they're replacing and the elimination of the oxygen isotope can tell us how many calories they are burning," says Schoeller, whose UW-Madison lab in the 1980s was the first to apply the labeled-water method to study people.
More than 90 researchers were involved in the study, which was led by a group that includes Yosuke Yamada, a former UW-Madison postdoctoral researcher in Schoeller's lab and now section head of the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition in Japan, and John Speakman, zoology professor at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland.
They collected and analyzed data from participants, comparing environmental factors -- such as temperature, humidity and altitude of the participants' hometowns -- to measured water turnover, energy expenditure, body mass, sex, age and athlete status. —ANI

The researchers also incorporated the United Nations' Human Development Index, a composite measure of a country that combines life expectancy, schooling and economic factors.
Water turnover volume peaked for men in the study during their 20s, while women held a plateau from 20 through 55 years of age. Newborns, however, turned over the largest proportion daily, replacing about 28 percent of the water in their bodies every day.
Physical activity level and athletic status explained the largest proportion of the differences in water turnover, followed by sex, the Human Development Index, and age.
All things equal, men and women differ by about half a liter of water turnover. As a baseline of sorts, the study's findings expect a male non-athlete (but of otherwise average physical activity) who is 20 years old, weighs 70kg (154 pounds), lives at sea level in a well-developed country in a mean air temperature of 10 degrees C (50 Fahrenheit) and a relative humidity of 50%, would take in and lose about 3.2 liters of water every day. A woman of the same age and activity level, weighing 60 kg (132 pounds) and living in the same spot, would go through 2.7 liters (91 ounces).
Doubling the energy a person uses will push their expected daily water turnover up by about liter, the researchers found. Fifty kilograms more body weight adds 0.7 liters a day. A 50% increase in humidity pushes water use up by 0.3 liters. Athletes use about a liter more than non-athletes.
The researchers found "hunter-gatherers, mixed farmers, and subsistence agriculturalists" all had higher water turnover than people who live in industrialized economies. In all, the lower your home country's Human Development Index, the more water you go through in a day.
"That's representing the combination of several factors," Schoeller says. "Those people in low HDI countries are more likely to live in areas with higher average temperatures, more likely to be performing physical labor, and less likely to be inside in a climate-controlled building during the day. That, plus being less likely to have access to a sip of clean water whenever they need it, makes their water turnover higher."
The measurements will improve our ability to predict more specific and accurate future water needs, especially in dire circumstances, according to Schoeller.
"Look at what's going on in Florida right now, or in Mississippi -- where entire regions have been exposed by a calamity to water shortages," he says. "The better we understand how much they need, the better prepared we are to respond in an emergency."
And the better we can prepare for long-term needs and even notice short-term health concerns, the researchers believe.
"Determining how much water humans consume is of increasing importance because of population growth and growing climate change," says Yamada. "Because water turnover is related to other important indicators of health, like physical activity and body fat percent, it has potential as a biomarker for metabolic health." (ANI)

A research of thousands of people has found a significant difference in the amount of water people consume around the world and throughout their lives, clearly refuting the oft-repeated concept that eight, 8-ounce glasses of water cover the human body's daily needs.

Amount Of Water People Consume Over Their Lifespan Explored In New Study

New Delhi: Air pollution shortens an average Indian's life expectancy by 5.3 years, according to a report by the University of Chicago’s Energy Policy Institute. Some areas of India fare much worse than average, with air pollution shortening lives by 11.9 years in Delhi, claims the Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) report for 2023 released on Tuesday. "India is the world’s second most polluted country. Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) shortens an average Indian’s life expectancy by 5.3 years, relative to what it would be if the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 5 µg/m3 was met," says the report. It states that all of India’s 1.3 billion people live in areas where the annual average particulate pollution level exceeds the WHO guideline. The report mentions that 67.4 per cent of the population lives in areas that exceed the country’s national air quality standard of 40 µg/m3. Measured in terms of life expectancy, particulate pollution is the greatest threat to human health in India, the report notes. The AQLI is a pollution index that shows the particulate air pollution impact on life expectancy. Developed by the University of Chicago’s Milton Friedman Distinguished Service Professor in Economics Michael Greenstone and his team at the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago (EPIC), the AQLI is rooted in research that quantifies the causal relationship between long-term human exposure to air pollution and life expectancy. The Index then combines this research with hyper-localized, satellite measurements of global particulate matter (PM2.5), yielding unprecedented insight into the true cost of pollution in communities around the world. The report says that in the most polluted region of the country—the Northern Plains—521.2 million residents or 38.9 per cent of India’s population are on track to lose 8 years of life expectancy on average relative to the WHO guideline and 4.5 years relative to the national standard if current pollution levels persist, the report claims. In contrast, cardiovascular diseases reduce the average Indian’s life expectancy by about 4.5 years, while child and maternal malnutrition reduces life expectancy by 1.8 years. If India were to reduce particulate pollution to meet the WHO guideline, residents in Delhi—India’s capital and most populous city—would gain 11.9 years of life expectancy, the report informs. In North 24 Parganas—the country’s second most populous district—residents would gain 5.6 years of life expectancy. In 2019, India declared a “war against pollution” and launched its National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), signalling its desire to reduce particulate pollution. NCAP originally aimed to reduce particulate pollution by 20-30 per cent nationally relative to 2017 levels by 2024 and focused on 102 cities that were not meeting India’s national annual average PM2.5 standard, termed “non-attainment cities. In 2022, the Indian Government announced its revamped particulate pollution reduction target for NCAP, setting no national goal but increasing its ambition at the city level. The new goal aims for a 40 per cent reduction relative to 2017 levels for an expanded number of 131 non-attainment cities by 2025-26.3 "If the ambition of the revised target is met, these cities’ overall annual average PM2.5 exposure would be 21.9 µg/m3 lower than 2017 levels. This would add 2.1 years onto the life of the average Indian living in these specific 131 cities and 7.9 months onto the life of the average Indian country-wide," the report notes. —ANI

Air pollution shortens an average Indian's life expectancy by 5.3 years, according to a report

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Researchers Discover Link Between Food, Eye Health And Lifespan

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Researchers Discover Link Between Food, Eye Health And Lifespan

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